Retinitis

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It is seen in advanced HIV infection with CD4 count of less 100 cells/mm³. Management of these patients is done in consultation with treating physicians. 

Diagnostic Criteria 

• Presents with characteristic retinal appearance of necrosis (white exudates and haemorrhages at the edge of the exudates
• Visual loss is irreversible

Pharmacological Treatment 

S: ganciclovir (intravitreal) 2mg once a week 

Once immune function has been restored with antiretroviral therapy (CD4 > 100) and the features of  active  retinitis  has  been  cleared,  maintenance  ganciclovir  can  be  stopped  but  monitor  for  recurrence. 

Referral: Refer to Ophthalmologist for confirmation of diagnosis and treatment.