Glossitis
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Glossitis is an inflammation of the tongue characterized by a smooth surface and redness. It can be a sign of local conditions (e.g., allergic reaction, injury) or systemic conditions (e.g., Sjögren syndrome, vitamin deficiencies).
Causes
- Nutritional deficiencies, such as lack of iron, folate or other B vitamins
- Allergy to food or medication
- Bacterial, yeast, fungal or viral infections
- Trauma, such as a burn or abrasion
- Alcoholism and tobacco use
- Eating spicy or hot foods
- Acid reflux
- Dry mouth
Types
- Acute glossitis-it develops usually during an allergic reaction
- Chronic glossitis- Recurring due to underlying health condition
- Atrophic glossitis- typically gives the tongue a glossy appearance and may occur when papillae are lost
Signs and symptoms
- Inflammation of the tongue
- Loss of papillae on the surface of the tongue
- Difficulty with chewing, swallowing or speaking
- Burning sensation
- Pain or tenderness in the tongue
- Change in the colour of your tongue
- Loss of papillae on the surface of your tongue
Investigations
- Physical assessment of the tongue
- Samples of the saliva and blood laboratory test
Treatment objectives
- Reduce inflammation
- Relieve pain
- Restore tongue to normal
Non-pharmacological treatment
- Salt and water gargle
Pharmacological treatment
Paracetamol oral
Adult:
500mg-1g every 6-8 hours
Child:
6-12 years: 250-500mg every 6-8 hours
1-5 years: 120-250mg every 6-8 hours,
3 months-1 year: 60-120mg every 6-8 hours when required
OR
Ibuprofen oral
Adult:
200-400mg every 8 hours
Child:
100-200mg every 8 hours
Antibiotics may only be used if there is indication of bacterial infection
Amoxicillin oral:
Adult:
500mg every 8 hours for 7 days
Child:
6-12 years: 250mg every 8 hours for 7 days
1-5 years 125mg every 8 hours for 7 days,
<1 year: 62.5mg every 8 hours for 7 days
OR
Metronidazole oral
Adult:
400mg every 8 hours for 7 days
Child:
100-200mg every 8 hours for 7 days