Elimination of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission (EMTCT)
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Prevention of infant acquisition of HIV infection from their mothers during labour and delivery or after birth through breast-feeding.
The table below depicts interventions to reduce the risk of MTCT and mitigate against infection.
Risk factors and mitigating intervention
| Risk factor | Prevention/mitigating intervention |
| High viral load | Antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy |
| Low CD4 count | As above + PCP prophylaxis |
| Advanced Diseases (AIDS) | ART. PCP and TB prophylaxis OI treatment |
| Chorioamnionitis | Identify & treat STI and malaria |
| Malaria | Provide malaria prophylaxis during pregnancy, IPT & ITNs |
| Low Vit. A | Maternal Vit. A supplementation does not reduce MTCT |
| Pre-maturity | Comprehensive antenatal care, identify at-risk mothers, provide PCP prophylaxis |
| Prolonged rupture of Membranes | Comprehensive ANC, safer delivery practices and modified obstetric care |
| Invasive delivery procedures | Discourage scalp vein monitoring, vacuum extraction, episiotomies and nasal suction |
| Cracked nipples | Counselling on optimal breastfeeding practices & breast care |
| Breast-feeding | Counselling on infant feeding options: EBF, early and rapid cessation, replacement feeding etc |