Parasitic Infestations

This is the infestation of the hair or body with lice. Hair infestation (Pediculus humanus var capitis) is characterised by eggs (nits) which appear as small white specks attached to the hair. Body infestation ( P. humanus corporis) is characterised by bite marks. Both hair and body infestations cause itching. Eczema may be present. The lice usually live in cloth folds. An infestation of the pubic area called Pediculosis pubis is caused by the crab or pubic louse Pthirus pubis transmitted during close physical contact which may be sexual in nature.

Treatment
Drugs

• Malathion 0.5% lotion. Apply to affected parts. Let it dry naturally and remove by washing after 12 hours.
• Permethrin 1% cream. Apply to clean damp hair.
• Rinse after 10 minutes and dry.

Supportive

• The whole family should be examined and treated if possible
• Bed linen and clothes should be washed in warm water and dried in the sun
• Maintenance of good personal hygiene.

This is an infestation of the skin by mites, Sarcoptes scabies, which burrow the skin causing lesions where the female rests and lays eggs. The most common sites are skin folds, wrists, in between fingers and axilla. The main characteristic is intense itching which worsens at night.

Treatment
Drugs

• Benzyl Benzoate 25%, applied all over the body from the neck downwards. Leave to dry and repeat without bathing after 24 hours. Wash off on the third day. A third application may be required. (Not recommended in children, pregnancy and breastfeeding mothers) or
• Permethrin cream 5%, applied all over the body from the neck down to the feet. Wash off after 8 to 24 hours
• For children apply all over the body including the face, neck, scalp and ears
• If hands are washed with soap within 8 hours of application, the cream should be re-applied or
• Malathion 0.5% lotion. Apply all over the body and wash off after 24 hours.

Supportive

• All members of the family should be examined and treated (if possible).
• Clothes and bedding should be washed in warm water and dried in the sun.
• After treatment, only clothes washed as above should be worn.
• Discourage scratching.
• Keep fingernails short and clean