Stomatitis

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Inflammation of the epithelial lining of the oral mucosa

Causes

• Nutritional deficiency, g. vitamin A
• Hormonal changes
• Infections: Spirochaetes, Bacilli, Candida, Measles virus, Herpes simplex virus

Clinical features

• Inflammation of the tongue and lining of mouth - tongue is red, raw, and painful
• Ulcers on the gum, palate, lips
• Thrush (in babies and HIV/debilitated patients)
• Swelling and bleeding of gums

Differential diagnosis

• Allergic reactions, erythema multiforme, pemphigus
• Lead poisoning
• Lichen planus
• Investigations
• Swab mouth for microscopy, and culture and sensitivity of bac- teria and fungi (though normal oral flora may give false positives)
• Blood: For Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test, HIV serology

Management

 

TREATMENT	LOC
Rinse mouth 3 times a day with Salt solution (dissolve 1 teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water) Or Hydrogen peroxide solution 6% (add 15 ml to a cup/200 ml of warm water) Or chlorhexidine mouth wash 0.2% Paracetamol 1 g every 8 hours - Child: 10-15 mg/kg every 8 hours Or a topical analgesic Continue treatment until healing takes place	HC2