Other Respiratory Infections

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Silicosis

Clinical presentation

  • Asymptomatic
  • Chronic cough
  • Dyspnea on exertion
  • Fine/coarse crackles
  • Rhonshi and/or wheezes
  • Tachypnea

Investigations

  • Cor pulmonale
  • Chest X-ray
  • CT Scan (if indicated)
  • PFT
  • Lung function tests
  • Lung biopsy (if indicated)

Non-pharmacological

  • Avoid further exposure to respirable silica
  • Smoking cessation
  • Bronchodilators (if indicated)
  • Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcus
  • Oxygen therapy (if indicated)
  • Lung transplantation

Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis

Clinical Presentation

  • Asymptomatic
  • Chronic Cough
  • Dyspnea on exertion
  • Fine/Coarse crackles
  • Rhonchi and/or wheezes
  • Tachypnea
  • Cor Pulmonale

Investigations

  • Chest x-ray
  • CT scan (if indicated)
  • Lung function tests
  • lung biopsy (if indicated)

Non-pharmacological 

  • Avoid further exposure to coal dust
  • Smoking cessation
  • Bronchodilators (if indicated)
  • Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcus
  • Oxygen therapy (if indicated)
  • Lung transplantation

Sarcoidosis

Clinical presentation

  • The common symptoms/signs depend on which organ or system is affected.
  • Rales/crepitations
  • Jaundice is rare
  • Macules, papules, and plaques may arise as single isolated lesions
  • Skin lesions frequently leave Scars, pits, and pale, depigmented areas
  • Nerve palsies, headache, ataxia, cognitive dysfunction, weakness, and seizures.
  • Anterior uveitis
  • Tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias
  • Polyarthritis, chronic arthritis

Investigations 

  • FBP
  • ESR
  • LFT
  • RFT
  • RF,
  • CPR, S/Electrolytes, LP,
  • Auto immune profile
  • Biopsy
  • Images:
  • CXR,
  • CT SCAN,
  • PETSCAN, FUNDOSCOPY.

Pharmacological Treatment 

A: prednisolone (PO) 1mg/kg/day 

Referral: Refer to Specialized center (specialist- physician /dermatologist /rheumatologist/pulmonologist)