GOUT

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Causative Agent(s)

Excessive protein intake, dehydration, renal disease and vitamin A deficiency. Renal disease results in decreased clearance of uric acid from blood, and excess uric acid precipitates on visceral or articular surfaces.

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

Depression,   dehydration,   swollen   and   painful   joints   in   affected   birds.

Diagnostic Consideration

Necropsy reveals visceral and articular lesions. Visceral lesions are seen in acute disease. There are chalky white debris deposited on the pericardial sac and on the serous surfaces of other organs. The ureters are distended and filled with chalky white urates. The articular – presents a more chronic course, deposits develop on synovial membranes in the toes and wing joints which incites a granulomatous reaction (tophus).

Management and Treatment

Adjust potential cause. Ensure adequate supply of clean water. Reduce protein intake if in excess and supplementation with vitamin A