Acute Pain Management

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Many preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions and management strategies are available for reducing and managing postoperative pain. Control of postoperative pain plays an essential role in facilitating a patient’s recovery to normal function and reduces the incidence of adverse physiologic and psychological effects associated with acute, uncontrolled pain. Multimodal anaesthesia must be used incorporating regional, pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. 

Cesarean Section	Regional: Spinal
	Pharmacological: NSAIDS, Opiods, Paracetamol
Laparotomy	Regional: TAP block, epidural
	Pharmacological: opioid, NSAID, Ketamine (IV), Dexamethasone, Paracetamol
Orthopedic	Opioid (IV), Paracetamol IV, NSAID,  Regional block (depending on site of surgery e.g spinal, femoral block,)
Minor surgery	Assessment (refer to palliative care section on pain management)