Ear Conditions: Mastoiditis

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Clinical Description

It is a result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside the mastoid processor. The mastoid is the portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is behind the ear. It is usually caused by untreated acute otitis media and used to be a leading cause of child mortality. 

Clinical Features

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Swelling behind or above the ear.
• Fever, Pinna pushed forward, tender
• Ear discharge

INVESTIGATION

• Physical Examination, Blood Test, X-Ray, CT-Scan, MRI, Spinal Tap

Treatment

NON PHARMACOLOGICAL

• Eat food rich in vitamins like fruits and vegetables and avoid spicy food.
• Seek medical attention should you experience any of the signs and symptoms

PHARMACOLOGICAL

Adults:       

• Give Ceftriaxone, IV, 2g 12 hourly for 5 – day plus
• Give Analgesics as necessary

Children: 

• Give Ceftriaxone 50 mg per kg daily for 5 days

Refer:         

• Brain involvement (meningitis or brain abscess).
• For surgical drainage may be necessary (If fluctuant)
• Refer patient to hospital (if no response to drugs)