Pellagra (Vitamin B3/Niacin Deficiency)

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CLINICAL DESCRIPTION

Nicotinic acid deficiency, a condition known as pellagra is usually accompanied by other Vitamin deficiencies.

CLINICAL FEATURES AND DIAGNOSIS

Include the triad of diarrhea, dementia and dermatitis (darkening of sun-exposed skin)

TREATMENT

Objectives

  • To prevent complications associated with the deficiency
  • To replenish the deficient Vitamin B3
  • Children: Nicotinamide, oral, 50mg 8 hourly for 2 weeks.
  • Adults:  Nicotinamide, oral, 100mg 8 hourly for 2 weeks. 

For Malnutrition clients, refer to inpatient care CMAM/NCST guidelines

Dietary advice

  • Increase intake of liver, kidneys, other meats, poultry and fish, peanuts, milk, pulses, whole meal wheat and bran, Reduce intake of alcohol.
  • Encourage diversification (6 food groups)

REFERRAL CRITERIA

  • Refer all clients that have failed to respond to the above treatment
  • Vitamin A Deficiency (Xerophthalmia)