Pneumonia in Children

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CLINICAL DESCRIPTION

WHO Classification of pneumonia

  • No Pneumonia: cough and cold
  • Pneumonia: fast breathing and/or chest indrawing
  • Severe Pneumonia: Pneumonia plus General danger sign (not able to drink, persistent vomiting, convulsions, lethargic or unconscious, stridor in a calm child or severe malnutrition) 

CLINICAL FEATURESSIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

  • Cough
  • Fever
  • Tachypnoea
  • Signs of respiratory distress
  • Bronchial breathing, crackles

TREATMENT

  • No pneumonia: home care advice
  • Pneumonia: Oral Amoxicillin 15mg/kg 8 hourly for 5 days

HOME CARE ADVICE

Severe Pneumonia:

  • Assess and manage ABCCCD
  • Give Oxygen
  • Consider CPAP if severe respiratory distress 
  • Benzyl Penicillin 50,000 IU IV 6 hourly and
  • Gentamicin 7.5mg/kg IV 24 hourly
  • Change to oral antibiotics once tolerating orally
  • Antipyretics

Complications 

  • Pleural effusion and Empyema             
    • Investigate for TB 
  • Continue IV antibiotics and insert chest drain
    • Refer patients with complicated empyema
  • Lung abscess
    • Refer for surgical drainage
  • Septicaemia

Refer all patients with complications