Executive Summary

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Executive summary

- Hypoglycemia is defined biochemically with blood glucose level below 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). In level 1 hypoglycemia blood glucose is between <3.9 and 3.0 mmol/L; in level 2, <3.0 mmol/L, and in level 3 there is altered mental and/or physical status requiring assistance.

- Hypoglycemia should be promptly treated with oral carbohydrate in level 1 and level 2 hypoglycemia, and by parenteral glucose in level 3.

- Hyperglycemic acute complications demand prompt diagnosis, urgent hospitalization and management with I/V fluids, insulin etc. frequent clinical and lab monitoring.

Spectrum of acute complications vary from hypoglycemia at one end to hyperglycemic complications at the other, which include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and also lactic acidosis.